Volcanoes
⭐ MasteredVolcanoes erupt when hot melted rock called magma rises up through cracks in Earth's crust. Once it reaches the surface it is called lava.
Hawaii's islands were all formed by volcanoes.
All about Volcanoes
A volcano is an opening in Earth's crust where hot melted rock escapes. Deep underground this rock is called magma. When it reaches the surface it is called lava, and it can flow out or burst out with gas and ash.
Most volcanoes form where tectonic plates meet or pull apart. Over many eruptions, layers of lava and ash build up into a mountain. Some volcanoes are active, some are dormant and some are extinct.
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Real-life uses of Volcanoes
- Creating rich soil on volcanic islands and slopes that is good for farming
- Providing geothermal energy in countries like Iceland
- Helping scientists learn about the inside of our planet
Frequently asked questions about Volcanoes
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Magma is hot melted rock underground. Lava is the same rock once it reaches the surface.
Are all volcanoes on land?
No. Many volcanoes are under the ocean, and some form new islands when they erupt.
Can volcanoes be predicted?
Scientists watch for earthquakes, gas and ground swelling to warn people, but eruptions cannot always be predicted exactly.